Patients should feel assured that the history and physical exam are painless. Virtually all patients will tolerate a small amount of blood being drawn for laboratory testing. Echocardiograms and electrocardiograms are non-invasive and should likewise not cause any real discomfort. Discuss procedures like cardiac catheterization or major surgery (for example, coronary artery bypass grafts) with the doctors performing the procedure so they can assess this on an individual basis.